At a certain age, children are also learning to judge themselves in relation to others. For most children, school marks the first time that their goals are not set by an internal clock but by the outside world Just as the 1-year-old struggling to walk the 6-year-old is struggling to meet adult expectations "Young kids don't know how to distinguish early-childhood education for the state of New Jersey, "(76)[ if they try hard to do something and fail. they may conclude that they will never be able to accomplish a particular task]". "The effects of serious", says Hills, "a child who has had his confidence really damaged needs a rescue operation".

[文章大意及重要词汇]

    儿童的社交能力对他们学习上的进步（progress）有深远的（profound）影响。和同学相处（getting along with）不好的儿童很可能导致他在学习（academically）上的落后和更高的退学率。特别是低年级的学生，专家指出，应该鼓励（encouraged）孩子们参加集体生活动而不是生活自己的小圈子里，这样有助于老师发现那些不擅长交朋友的孩子。丽莲·凯特，伊利诺大学的教授说道，“在孩子们共同完成一个任务的时候，他们学着去合作、不同意对方、不争不抢以及化解关系紧张等各种能力”。而这些是课堂学不到的东西。那些高水平的技术（technical）工人却没有任何社交能力，这些现象都是为人所熟知的。对社交能力的培养应该是第一。

孩子们到某个年龄阶段的，也会在于别人的关系中判断（judge）自己。对大多数孩子来讲，学校第一次让他们明白他们的目标（goals）不单纯是说了算的，而是受社会影响的。正如一岁的孩子学走路，而六岁的孩子就学着去满足家长的期望一样。“孩子不知道如何区别努力（effort）和能力”，新泽西州儿童早期教育专家希尔教授说。如果他们很努力地去做一件事情，结果却失败了，他们可能就会得出结论，认为他们永远也不能完成（accomplish）某一特定（particular）的任务。明显的比较有劣的方法，比如张榜公布学生的成绩，会产生严重后果。希尔教授说到，自信心（confidence）受到严重打击的孩子需要一个抢救手术。

1. The author seems to think that a kid’s poor relationship with his classmates would .
A. have negative effects on his study
B. develop his individualism but limit his intelligence
C. eventually lead to his leaving school
D. have nothing to do with his achievements in a course
答案：A细节题，根据第一段第二句话。

2. In the first paragraph, the word spot means .
A. teach   B. help   C. find    D. treat
答案：C词汇题，spot发现，找出。

3. For most children, school makes them understand .
A. that it is society rather than individual that decides one’s future
B. that they can meet the social needs
C. that one’s effort and one’s ability can be two quite different matters
D. that social needs and individual needs have nothing in common
答案：A细节题，根据第二段第二句话。

4. Which of the following is most unlikely for the author to do?
A. To talk to the students who have mental problems.
B. To help students develop a feeling of self-respect.
C. To keep a student from playing alone.
D. To announce a student’s scores in public.
答案：D细节题，根据第二段最后一句话。

5. Which of the following is the major concern of the passage about a student’s needs?
A. Individualism and cooperation.
B. Academic success and independent thinking.
C. Socialization and feeling of competence.
D. Intelligence and respect.
答案：C主旨考查题。

Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
 If the Europeans thought a drought-a long period of dry weather-was something that happened only in Africa, they know better now. After four years of below ? normal rainfall (in some cases only 10 percent of annual average), vast areas of France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Britain and Ireland are dry and barren（贫瘠）.(77)[Water is so low in the canals of northern France that waterway traffic is forbidden except on weekends]. Oyster（牡蛎）grows in Brittany report a 30 percent drop in production because of the loss of fresh water in local rivers necessary for oyster breeding. In southeastern England, the rolling green hills of Kent have turned so brown that officials have been weighing plans to pipe in water from Wales. In Portugal, farmers in the southern Alentejo region have held prayer meeting for rain--so far, in vain.

(78) [Governments in drought-spread countries are taking severe measures. Authorities in hard-hit areas of France have banned washing cars and watering lawns]. In Britain, water will soon be metered, like gas and electricity, “The English have always taken water for granted,” says Graham Warren, a spokesman of Britain’s National Rivers Authority. “Now they’re putting a price on it.” Even a sudden end to the drought would not end the misery in some areas. It will take several years of unusually heavy winter rain, the experts say, just to bring existing water reserves up to their normal levels.

[文章大意及重要词汇]

如果欧洲人认为干旱（drought）只会发生在非洲，那他们现在便明白了。连续四你那降雨量（rainfall）低于正常水平，如果导致法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、比利时、英国和爱尔兰大部分地区的干燥和贫瘠。法国北部运河的水位如此之低，以至除周末外，船只禁行。由于当地河流中的牡蛎繁殖所需谈水的流失，布列塔尼的牡蛎产量下降了30%。英国东南部肯特州曾经绿色一片的小山如今也变成棕色的，以至政府不得不考虑从威尔士输水计划。葡萄牙南部内陆阿连特约地区的农民通过宗教仪式求雨也没有成功

干旱蔓延的国家各级政府都在采取严厉措施（taking severe measures）。法国受灾严重地区的政府，甚至下令禁止（ban）洗车和灌溉草坪。不久，英国的用水将像用煤气和电一样用仪器测量（metered）。英国人总是认为用水是理所当然(taken for granted)的英国河川管理局发言人葛拉汉·沃伦说，“新在他们必须对他标价了”。干旱的突然（sudden）结束并不意味着一些地区灾难的停止。据专家推测，除非欧洲连续几年冬天的降雨量都大大高于正常水平，欧洲的谈水储量才可能恢复到以前的水平。

6. What does the author mean by saying “they know better now?”
A. They know more about the causes of the drought.
B. They have a better understanding of the drought in Africa.
C. They have realized that the drought in Europe is the most serious one.
D. They have realized that droughts hit not only Africa but also Europe.
答案：D语义题，根据第一段最后一句话。

7. The drought in Europe has brought about all the following problems except .
A. below-normal rainfall                   B. difficult navigation      
C. a sharp drop in oyster harvest             D. bone-dry hills
答案：A细节题，文章提到连续四年降雨量低于正常的水平导致欧洲的旱情十分严重,本题实际是因果倒置。

8. The British government intends to .
A. forbid the car-washing service            B. increase the price of the water used
C. end the misery caused by the drought       D. charge fees for the use of the water
答案：D细节题，第二段说：过去英国人用是免费的，而现在则要开始用水表计量，并且开始收费。

9. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Germany is the only country free from the drought
B. Water reserves are at their lowest level in years due to drought
C. The drought is more serious in Britain than in France
D. Europe will not have heavy rain until several years later.
答案：D细节题，最后一句话说：除非连续纪念冬天的降雨量都大大高于正常的水平，欧洲的谈水量才能恢复过去的水平。可见，欧洲这几年降雨量不大。

10. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. Europe in Misery                    B. Drought Attacks Europe  
C. Be Economical With Water       D. Europe, a Would-be Africa
答案：B主旨题，全文主要谈的是干旱袭击欧洲的问题。

Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
How can we get rid of garbage（垃圾）? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?

These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the time it can save the land to hold garbage.

For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped（倾倒）it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil（化石）fuels. As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.

(79) [Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years]. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil.

(80) [Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs]. This method could also reduce the amount if garbage piling up on the earth .

[文章大意及重要词汇]

我们怎么才能摆脱垃圾呢？我们有足够的能源去满足未来的能源需求吗？

这是现代许多都在问的两个重要问题。有些人以外两个问题可以同时解决，他们建议把垃圾作为一种能源同时也可以解决由于垃圾占大量的土地而造成的土地紧张。

长期以来，人们都是埋掉（bury）垃圾或者倾倒到空地上。现在空地越来越少（scare）了，而每年制造的垃圾却越来越多了。但是垃圾也是一种很好的燃料（fuel）。虽然垃圾的构成跟煤、石油（petroleum）或者天然气不一样，但是从化学成分来讲，他和化石燃料是相似的。因此，当我们的化石燃料被用完时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作一种能量来源（source）。

燃烧垃圾并非是新想法，欧洲和美国的许多的城市多年来一直都在这样做。燃烧垃圾产生的热量用来加热水，产生的蒸汽（steam）可以用来发电供暖。法国巴黎的一些发电厂每年燃烧大约200百万吨的垃圾，所产生的能量大约和燃烧50万桶（barrels）石油所产生的能量是一样的。

我们的化石燃料供给是有限的(limited)。燃烧垃圾作为一种能量或许可以缓解我们对能源的需求。这种办法也可以减少堆积（piling up）在地球上的垃圾。

11. What two problems can man solve by burning garbage?
A. The shortage of energy and air pollution.      
B. The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbage.
C. Air pollution and the shortage of fossil fuel.
D. Air pollution and the shortage of land to hold garbage.
答案：B细节题，根据文章的最后一句话：焚烧垃圾可以解决两个问题，能源短缺，节省土地。

12. Which of the following is NOT the result of burning garbage?
A. The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels.     
B. The heat produced is used to boil water.
C. The steam produced is used to make electricity     
D. The steam produced is used to heat buildings.
答案：A细节题，文章第四段谈到焚烧垃圾产生的热可以使水沸腾，产生的蒸汽可以发电，也可以给大楼供热，但是没有谈到焚烧的垃圾会变成化石。

13. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. About 2 million metric tons of garbage is burned in France each year.
B. In a modern society, more and more garbage is produced each year.
C. Using garbage is a good way to solve the problem of energy shortage.
D. It will be too expensive to use garbage as an energy source.
答案：D细节题，把垃圾作为一种能源非常贵不符合文章的内容。

14. What is the author’s attitude?
A. Delighted       B. Sad           
C. Agreeing       D. Disagreeing
答案：C作者赞成的态度。

15. The best title for the passage may be .
A. Garbage and the Earth         B. Fossil Fuel and Garbage      
C. Land and Garbage            D. Garbage ? Energy Source
答案：D主旨题，全文主要谈论用垃圾发电来解决能源短缺的问题。

Part II Vocabulary and Structure
16. It is from my grandparents        I learned a lot. 
A. who       B. whom       C. that       D. which
答案：D强调句型，It is…that…是典型的强调句。

17. The writer has published many books, It is       are well received by the readers.
A. none of whom  B. all of which  C. neither of who   D. one of which
答案：B非限定性定语从句的用法，因为关系代词修饰的是指物的名词，因此用which，根据题意，要选肯定句。

18. Classes         , the students left for home without delay.
A. were over       B. being over       C. are over       D. over
答案：B非谓语动词的用法，因当分词短语做主语和主句的主语不一致而且又有自己的主语时，要用分词的独立主格。

19. This is the dictionary         I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words.
A. with which   B. in which     C. on which   D. for which
答案：C定语从句的用法，depend on…依靠，取决于。

20. Over ten people died and twenty people were        wounded in the train crash.
A. horribly       B. wrongly       C. bitterly       D. seriously
答案：D词义辨析，horribly可怕地，恐怖地；wrongly错误地；bitterly充满仇恨地，悲伤地；seriously严重地。

21. Do you think Tommy is        the truth?
A. saying       B. speaking             C. telling       D. talking
答案：C动词的用法，tell the truth说实话。

22. It is so hot. You should put the food into the refrigerator now. otherwise, it will       soon.
A. harm       B. hurt       C. spoil       D. damage

答案：C同义词辨析，harm 指物质、精神或肉体上的伤害；hurt指对感情或身体的某个部位的伤害，强调强烈的疼痛感；damage 损害，损毁某物spoil 损坏。破坏，溺爱（食物）变质，此题中It是指食物。

23. Don’t forget to write to me,       ?
A. will you       B. didn’t you       C. are you       D. don’t you
答案：A反意疑问句，当陈设部分为祈使句时，不管肯定还是否定，提问部分均用will you。

24. It is important to remember the saying that        is better than cure.
A. prevention      B. promotion       C. permission       D. proportion
答案：A习惯用法。

25. Winning or losing is temporary, but friendship          .
A. expects       B. lives       C. remains       D. lasts
答案：D动词辨析，but表转折，因此该词的意思上应与temporary相反。

26. Peter, whom everyone suspected,          to be innocent.
A. turned out       B. turned off       C. turned up       D. turned over
答案：A短语辨析，turn out结果是，证明是；turn off关，关上；turn up出现 turn over翻倒，翻转。

27. Isn’t that        they call peace and friendship? 
A. which       B. this       C. what       D. where
答案：C表语从句，引导词用what。

28. So        is the weather in England that by lunchtime there could be thunder and lightening.
A. various       B. varies       C. variable       D. variation
答案：C行近词辨析，根据题中引导词So，后面要接形容词variable变化多端的。

29. All the arrangements should have been completed prior        our departure. 
A. in       B. to       C. by       D. before
答案：B固定搭配prior to在…之前。

30. I must tell you how          a letter from you.
A. pleased I was to receive       B. pleased I was to receiving
C. was I pleased to receive       D. pleased I was receiving
答案：A本句为how引导的宾语从句，how后面紧跟它所修饰的形容词或副词，然后接一个陈述句。

31. I am considering          my job as I’m not getting on well with my boss. 
A. changing       B. to change       C. changed       D. to be changed
答案：A consider后面接动名词做宾语：consider ding sth表示考虑作某事。

32.         the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.
A. If he took       B. If he should take       C. Were he to take       D. Had he taken
答案：D虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；条件状语从句省略了If，助动词提前。

33. John,        the bet, had to pay for the dinner.
A. lost       B. having lost       C. losing       D. having loss
答案：B分词短语的完成时做原因状语。

34. Do not trust such men          often like to praise you to your face.
A. who       B. that       C. as       D. they
答案：A定语从句的引导词，定语从句修饰的词是men，当然用who来引导。

35. We have a desperate need          practice strict economy in every department.
A. to       B. of       C. for       D. about
答案：A 名词的用法a need to do sth有做某事的必要。

36. But for my classmates’ help, I      the work in time.
A. did not finish       B. could not finish       C. will not finish       D. would not finished
答案：D虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，主句结构是：should/ would+ have+ 过去分词。

37.          is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.
A. Because       B. For       C. So       D. As
答案：D 固定搭配As is known to all众所周知。

38. With the flowers         everywhere, the park looks beautiful.
A. to bloom       B. blooming       C. be blooming       D. to be blooming
答案：B With的复合结构做独立主格，With后面接复合宾语，因为宾语the flowers和宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词。

39. The shortage of energy is getting worse. It         an immediate solution.
A. calls off       B. calls up       C. calls for       D. calls at
答案：C短语辨析call off取消；call up召集，打电话，使人想起；call for要求，需求，叫某人来；call at这种搭配没有。

40. The teacher spoke so fast that it was hard for the students to          what he was saying.
A. take in（理解，领会，欺骗）  B. take out（带…分出去）
B. C. take up（开始从事，占据） D. take over（接管，接收，借用）
答案：A 短语辨析。

41. Some pop singers have much influence         the young people.
A. to       B. for       C. onto       D. on
答案：D固定搭配have an influence on…对…有影响。

42. The doctor advised her that she         enough rest before going back to work.
A. to get       B. get       C. gets       D. got
答案：B虚拟语气，在表示命令，建议，要求等一系列动词后面的从句中用虚拟语气。+动词原形。

43. I think I will do it myself          asking him for help.
A. rather than       B. other than       C. instead of       D. in place of
答案：A短语辨析。

44. No sooner had she entered the house         the telephone rang.
A. when       B. than       C. as       D. while
答案：B固定搭配No sooner had/did…than一…分就…分。

45. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I         it to you.”
A. will return       B. must return       C. could return       D. would have returned
答案：D虚拟语气(参见32题)。
 
Part III Identification
46. Individual freedom does [not in any sense] [mean that] you can [do what]
                            A            B             C    
you like [at your free-will].
       D
答案：C应改为whatever引导的宾语从句。

47. When we finally [finished] the [tiring] journey, we could [not hardly] move a
                  A          B                   C
step [further].
      D
答案：C hardly本身已经表示否定意义,其前面再加not则成双重否定变成肯定。

48. Arriving [for] the lecture early is [better] than [to take] the chance of
          A                      B           C 
[being] late.       
   D
答案：C 应改为taking因为是平行结构，要和主语Arriving的形式保持一致。

49. These part-time students expect to [to offer] some jobs [on] campus [during]
                                  A           B          C 
the [coming] summer vacation.          
   D
答案：A应改为to be offered主语和谓语之间应是被动关系。

50. He was [so] excited after hearing the news [and] he [could not] fall asleep
        A                          B                  C     
 [immediately].             
       D
答案：B应改that，固定结构：so…that…如此…以至于。

51. You [will not able] to pass the examination [unless] you work [harder] than
           A                            B             C
you [do] now. 
     D
答案：A短语搭配，应改will not be able to能够做某事。

52. Only when [it started] to rain [he noticed] that he [had left] his raincoat
               A              B              C
 [somewhere].
       D
答案：B应改为did he notice因为Only放在句首，句子要到装。

53. The waste, [according] to the people there, has [already] found [their] way
              A                     B              C  
into [the] drinking water.
          D
答案：C应改为its,代指前面的waste，为不可数名词。

54. If you [try to] learn [too] many things [at a time] you may get [confusing].
       A      B                  C                   D
答案：D应改为confused。主语是you指人，动词的现在分词作形容词时，不能修饰人，只有过去分词才可以修饰人。

55. [After] his [graduation] [from] the university, he has [worked] in a famous 
    A            B      C                     D
computer company. 
答案：A应改为since，since才能引导完成时态的时间状语从句。
 
Part IV Cloze
People used to say, “The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.” And “56 every successful man there’s a woman.”

 “ 57 these saying mean the same thing. Men 58 the world, but their wives rule them.

Most of the American women like 59 their husbands and 60 successful, 61 some of them want 62 for themselves. They want 63 jobs. When they work they want to be 64 Paid. They want to be as successful as 65 .

The American women’s liberation（解放）movement was started by women who don’t want to 66 successful men. They want to stand 67 men, with the same chance for success. They don’t want to be told that certain jobs or offices are 68 to them. They refuse to work side by side with men who do the same work for 69 pay.

A 70 woman must be 71 of being a woman and have confidence （自信）in 72 . If somebody says to her, “You’ve come a long way, baby.” She’ll smile and answer, “Not nearly as 73 as I’m going to go, baby!”

This movement is quite new, and 74 American women do not agree. But it has already made some important changes in women’s 75 and in men’s lives, too.
56. A. Behind        B. Beside       C. Before       D. Under
57. A. Neither       B. All          C. Both          D. Either
58. A. manage       B. have          C. control      D. rule
59. A. forcing     B. to make       C. waiting      D. looking
60. A. fathers      B. mothers       C. sons          D. daughters
61. A. so          B. but           C. thus        D. or
62. A. more        B. little          C. everything    D. nothing
63. A. light        B. heavy           C. no           D. good
64. A. nice          B. fairly         C. continuously   D. endlessly
65. A. husbands       B. others          C. men          D. other women
66. A. walk beside  B. move behind    C. go before     D. stand behind
67. A. beside        B. for           C. behind      D. against
68. A. opened       B. closed         C. open         D. close
69. A. a different    B. the same       C. a higher      D. a high
70. A. good        B. free            C. working       D. liberated
71. A. able          B. kind           C. proud         D. fond
72. A. her heart      B. herself      C. her position   D. her husband
73. A. far            B. farther      C. long         D. distant
74. A. some          B. all          C. few          D. many
75. A. lives        B. world     C. society     D. position

Part IV Cloze KEY
56．A  57．C  58．D  59．B  60．C  61．B  62．A  63．D  64．B  65．C
66．D  67．A  68．B  69．A  70．D  71．C  72．B  73．A  74．D  75．A

Part V Translation
Section A
76. If they try hard to do something and fail, they may conclude that they will never be able to accomplish a task. (Passage 1)
解析：本句是一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句。
译文：如果他们试图做什么事，却没有做成，他们可能会得出这样的结论：他们永远也不能完成某一特定的任务。

77. Water is so low in the canals of northern France that waterway traffic is forbidden except on weekends. (Passage 2)
解析：本题中so…that…是一个固定搭配：如此…以至…。翻译是要多加注意。
译文：法国北部运河河水的水位是如此之低，以至除周末外，船只禁止航行。

78. Governments in drought-spread countries are taking severe measures. Authorities in hard-hit areas of France have banned washing cars and watering lawns. (Passage 2)
解析：本题中要注意两个定语的翻译（drought-spread）(hard-hit)前者是一种住谓关系，做定语时候动词是过去分词，要加连字符，后者是动补关系。
译文：干旱蔓延的国家，各级政府都在采取严厉措施法国受灾严重地区的政府甚至下令禁止洗车和灌溉草坪。

79. Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. (Passage 3)
译文：燃烧垃圾并非是新想法，欧洲和美国的许多城市多年一直都在这样做。

80. Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. (Passage 3)
解析：注意that引导的定语从句的翻译，整个句子修饰的是energy source。
译文：我们的化石燃料供给是有限的，燃烧垃圾作为一种能量来源或许可以缓解我们对能源的需求。

Section B
81.今年他们建造的房子跟去年一样多。
解析：本题难点是比较级的翻译，注意as many as 和they did的用法。  
译文：They have built as many houses this year as they did last year。

82.对不起，我忘了把你要的书带来了。
解析：本题难点是定语从句带来，两个知识点的翻译。  
译文：I am sorry. I forget to bring the books that they you want。

83.这项工作太难了，你干不了。
解析：主要考查too…to…的用法，太…而不能…。  
译文：The work is too difficult for you to do。

84.无论多么困难，我也不会失去信心。
解析：主要考查让步状语从句的用法，表示“无论…”的时候一般都用一般都用这些代词whatever, however, whichever等，相当于no matter+…。  
译文：No matter how difficult it is, I will never not lose my confidence。

85.物体离我们越远，看起来就越小。
解析：本题主要考查,the more…the more… 的用法，意思为“越…越…”。  
译文：The farther an object is away from us, the smaller it looks。