第十四天：大小写作 得分多多---大作文分类

大作文，就是考研大纲里所说的短文写作，比小作文的要求更高。首先是字数方面，要求根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文。但是提示信息的形式不止一种，涉及的题材也有多种，因此备考办法也有一些区别。下面结合审题来看大作文的分类。

一、 大作文审题

大作文的题目给考生提供信息，形式如下：

1． 主题句

2． 写作提纲

3． 规定情景

4． 图、表

对于不同的提示信息形式审题时要注意不同的问题，而且要注意各类提示信息形式的混合，如同时使用提纲与情景等。如果题目中已经给出主题句，就要以它为本文的主题陈述，并根据题目的其他要求对此主题进行论述。如果题目中已经给出写作提纲，那就要严格按照提纲写作。即使是规定情景与图表作文也有这一问题。总之，无论属于哪种提示信息形式，考生都要根据题目中的要点（一般为三点）进行写作，否则就会被扣分，甚至被判为跑题，大作文得零分。试看惨痛教训：下文是1999年一位考生的作文，虽然语言出色，但是文章的落脚点（population growth）与题目的提示信息（effect of population on wildlife and possible reason）相偏离，最终被判为零分。

1999年作文题

Directions:

A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.

B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.

C. Your essay should cover these three points:

1. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife

2. possible reason for the effect

3. your suggestion for wildlife protection

考生文章（零分）

According to the figures given in the bar charts, it took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then the world population increased rapidly, adding up to two billion in 1930. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years. From then on the global population was on the rise, amounting to 4 billion in 1975, which is another billion people in 15 years.

There are at least two reasons, I think, for the sharp increase in world population….

In my opinion, the chief reason for the population growth was not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.

二、 大作文题材

大作文所选用的图画与图表一般涉及与人们的生活有关的社会现象和问题，主要包含下列题材：

1． 教育

2． 职业道德

3． 身体健康

4． 家庭关系

5． 环境保护

6． 人口增长

7． 文化交流

按照上述题材，历年的考题可以分类如下：

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