南开中学 段胜利
交际用语是每年高考英语试卷单项选择部分的必考内容,通常都会有1—2个题目。题干的呈现形式通常是对话,挖空设项多出现在交际应答里。交际英语主要考查日常生活常用的话题范围里,同学们正确使用英语进行交际的能力。对于高中阶段出现的交际功能用语,如问候、祝愿、介绍、告别、感谢道歉、邀请、约会、希望、请求、发表观点、购物、就餐、使用交通工具等,都要有准确的把握。同时,要特别注意由于中西文化不同,交际应答也有很大的区别。例如,遇到别人对你的赞扬,你需要用“Thank you.”做答,而汉语却会说诸如“过奖了”之类的话。高考中,经常出现“貌似”正确的“中国式”应答的选项,
例如:——It’s getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now.
——OK. ______.
A. Take it easy
B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer
D. See you
答案D。本题考查的交际功能是道别用语。彼此分手可以说“See you (again, after, etc.).”“Take care.”“Good-bye.”“Bye.”等。选项B,“慢点走”是典型的中国式应答,千万不要落到错误的陷阱里去。
从高考的意义来说,交际应答尽管只是一两分的问题,可在日常的英语应用中,它却十分重要,千万不可掉以轻心。做好交际应答,要注意以下几点:
一、交际应答要防止“中国式”答语的陷阱
例一:——Will you join us in the game?
——Thank you,
A. but why not?
B. but I'd rather not.
C. and I won't
D. and I'll join.
答案B。本题容易按照中文的思维误选D。
例二:——You've given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs. Wang.
——_____.
A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't cook very well
B. I'm glad you enjoyed it
C. Come again when you are free
D. It's not necessary for you to say so
答案B。本题提供的其他三个备选项,都是中国式的回答。要特别注意中英两种不同的文化背景所带来的行为习惯的差异。
例三:“Have you been here long?” ______.
A.No, not very
B.Not much
C.Yes, only little
D.No, only yesterday
答案A。简略答语,补全为“I haven't been here very long.”注意选项D,是中国式英语。
例四:——I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.
——____________. It was her fault.
A. No way B. Not possible
C. No chance D. Not at all
答案A。根据答话所说的It was her fault,可以判断答话人决不打电话向Jenny道歉。no way意为“无论如何也不,决不,没门儿”,故答案为A。注意B选项“中国味”十足。
例五:——You should apologize to her, Barry.
——______, but it's not going to be easy.
A. I suppose so B. I feel so
C. I prefer to D. I like to
答案A。注意B选项,没有这样的应答搭配。
二、交际应答要把握不同选项的适用语境
例一:——Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift!
——________.
A. Never mind
B. Don't mention it
C. Sure, I don't smoke
D. Pardon me
答案D,“请原谅”。A 是用来告诉别人不要担心、忧虑或伤心。例如:“We haven't done very well, have we?”“Never mind. At least we tried.”B是用来礼貌地回答别人对你的感谢,即“别客气”。例如:“Thanks for the ride home!”“Don't mention it.”C不符合第一句话给出的情境。
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