2007年考研英语阅读复习特别提示及讲义(八) |
作者:佚名 文章来源:不详 点击数: 更新时间:2007-2-26 12:44:19 |
|
unit 10 part 2
重点词汇: paraphrase(n.v.释意)即para+phrase,para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”,phrase即“短语;用短语表达”,故“用短语辅助表达”→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph(文章的段、节;短评)←para+graph写;parameter(参数)←para+meter计量;parasite(寄生虫)←para+site地点。 biomedical (生物医学的)←bio生物+medic医疗+al形容词后缀。 respond (v.回复;响应)即re+spond,re-(=back),spond词根“请求”,于是“回复请求”→响应。 advocate (v.提倡n.倡议者;辩护人)即ad+voc+ate,ad-前缀表“加强”,voc词根意为“声音”(即voice,因为元音可任意增减替换),-ate为动词后缀(作名词后缀时表“人”)。 argument (辩论;论据,论点)为argue(v.辩论;主张)的名词形式。 allegation (宣称)即al+leg+ation,al-前缀表“加强”,leg词根意为“说”(如legend→leg说+end名词后缀表“物”→人们都在说的东西→传奇),-ation名词后缀。allege为其动词形式。 perplex(使困惑,使复杂化)即per+plex,per-前缀表“完全”,plex词根意为“重叠”,故“完全重叠在一起分不清了”→困惑。同根词为complex→com一起+plex→重叠在一起的→复杂的;综合的;联合体。 brochure(小册子)源自法语,词形与brother相似→兄弟们每人手里拿着本小册子。 immunization(免疫作用)←immune(免疫的;免除的),immunity(免疫;免除),immunize(使免疫;使免除)。 vaccine (疫苗)即vacc(a)+ine,vacca是拉丁文“牛”(开头两字母V和A表带角牛头),-ine后缀多用于医药名词(如medicine),该词是当初科学家发表“牛痘”论文时创造的。vaccination (接种疫苗)←vaccin(e)+ation名词后缀。vaccine — a microbe with its face washed 疫苗——洗过脸的微生物。 epidemic (流行的;流行病)与academic形似→学术思潮像流行病一样流行。 deceptive (欺骗的,蒙蔽的)→deceive(v.欺骗,蒙蔽)→deception(n.欺骗,蒙蔽);类似单词有receptive(善接受的)→receive(v.接收;招待)→reception(接收;招待;招待会)。 ultimate (最终的;根本的),马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King)说:The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.衡量一个人的最终尺度,不是看他在舒适顺利的时候站在哪里,而是看他在受到非难和争议的时候站在哪里。 recruit (v.征兵;招募n.新兵;新成员)即re+cruit,re-前缀表“反复”,cruit词根意为“创造” vicious(邪恶的,恶毒的)即vic(e)+ious,vice即名词“邪恶”,-ious为形容词后缀。The more virtuous any man is, the less easily does he suspect others to be vicious.任何人越高尚,就越不容易疑心别人邪恶。 ignorance (无知;不知道)即ig+nor(e)+ance,ig-否定前缀,nor词根表“知道”=know,-ance名词后缀。ignorant(无知的);ignore(v.忽视)。It is impossible to defeat an ignorant man in argument.在争论中无法击败无知者。 extinguish(v.熄灭,灭绝)→extinct(a.熄灭的,灭绝的),类似的有distinguish(v.区别,辨别)→distinct(独特的,明显的)。Absence is to love what wind is to fire; it extinguishes the small, it inflames the great.离别之于爱情有如风之于火,它熄灭小火,却使大火燃烧更旺。 bypass 心脏搭桥;ember /5embE/ 灰烬(但火焰尚未完全熄灭),多用复数形式。 难句解析: ①All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. ▲本句的谓语动词是后边的is。主语中心词是all。all的后边接了一个that引导的定语从句。谓语动词is的后边是一个表语从句。 △此句话不长,但是结构并不简单。要想把意思看透彻应该从抓主干成分开始,然后仔细琢磨词与词之间的修饰关系。同时还应体会两个that的不同用法。第一个that在定语从句当中充当主语,第二个that是引导表语从句的,不充当成分。 ②Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. ▲逗号的前边是主句,主句可以缩为Scientists need to respond to advocates。逗号的后边是一个非限定性定语从句,whose指代的是animal rights advocates。and把confusing和threatening连接了起来。 △体会一下thereby的用法。从此句中可以看出thereby并没有连接句子,它是副词,表示“借以”、“由此”、“在那一点上”、“在那一方面”,相当于by that means、in that connection。 ③For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals — no meat, no fur, no medicines. ▲本句的主干结构是a woman was distributing a brochure。brochure的后边跟了一个that引导的定语从句,限定修饰brochure。anything的后边也接一个定语从句限定修饰anything。 △staff在此句中作动词使用,意思为provide with、act as。现在分词短语staffing an animal rights booth作woman的后置定语。 ④To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. ▲本句的主干结构在最后一个逗号的后边,即animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst。To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines,此部分的主干成分是to those,those的后边跟了一个who引导的定语从句。 △...at best ...at worst是一个非常地道的英文表达形式,可以译为“往最好的方面看……往最坏的方面看……”。 ⑤Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the
上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页 >>
|
|
|
上一个文章: 2007年考研英语阅读复习特别提示及讲义(七) 下一个文章: 2007年考研英语阅读复习特别提示及讲义(九) |