SEVEN SKILLS FOR QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES IN 21ST CENTURY

　　Technical and technological skills will take on greater importance. There will be a growing need for people who can understand and fix systems——from computer systems to product distribution systems to plumbing systems.

　　Visionary skills will be in demand. The ability to gather and absorb a wide range of input, then use that knowledge, understanding, and perspective to guide organization into future, will be vital.

　　Numbers and measurement will be important, of course, but smoothing the flow form month to month,from quarter to quarter will be essential for highly profitable long-term performance. Practically every company will have to move away from today's obsession with looking ahead only as far as the next financial reporting period.

　　Ability to organize will definitely be important in the corporation of the future. Everywhere there will be a need to organize something: resources, workflow, marketing mix, financial opportunities, and much more, all will demand high levels of organization and reorganization.

　　Persuasive skills will be used in many ways by the corporation of the future, the most-effective individuals will be those who know how to present information and ideas so that others can understand and support a particular position. Good salesmanship will be essential in many more interactions than we consider today, especially inside the organization.

　　Communication skills——careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking,and accurate description——will be invaluable. In tomorrow's fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.

　　Ability to learn will be above everything else in importance——empowering people to grow in effectiveness and help their companies achieve desired objectives. Some of this skill is innate, but many people enhance their ability to learn——and to relate different aspects of learning——through college and university courses. We believe the liberal arts education experience will prove to be the most valuable type of education for tomorrow's leaders.

　　The top employees of the coming century will be flexible, creative and motivated toward making a positive difference in the world. They will seek balance,growth and fulfillment in both their work and home environments. The corporation of the future must respond to these needs and desires; otherwise they will find themselves hampered by a lack of qualified people to accomplish the organization's work.

　　译文：

　　21世纪合格人材必备7大技能

　　1.技术专长与创新能力——将更加重要。今后将越来越需要在计算机、产品推销和管道工程等方面既懂理论又有实践经验的人。

　　2.想像能力——将是一种需要。这种能力至关重要，它可收集和获取广泛而大量的知识信息，并对其中一些知识、思维方法及观察视角加以借鉴，以便引导公司走向未来。

　　3.数字与计算——固然很重要，但是保证月与月之间的衔接、部门与部门的配合都顺利通畅将是实现长期高效运作的关键所在。实际上，每个公司都必须改变那种只做下一个财政年度计划的错误观念。

　　4.组织能力——在未来的公司的运作中无疑是十分重要的。无论到哪儿，组织工作都是必不可少的，如调拨财力物力、设置工作流程、制定市场营销战略、寻找赢利机会等等，所有这些都需要高水平的组织与改组能力。

　　5.说服能力——将以各种方式在未来公司中发挥作用。工作最有成效的员工将是那些懂得如何表达信息和思想以便能够得到别人理解与支持的人，出色的游说能力在未来更多的人际交往中将是必不可少的，特别是在公司内部。

　　6.交流能力——听得认真、写得明白、看得仔细、说得清楚、叙述准确——将具有无可估量的价值。在未来快节奏的工作环境中，人们惜时如金，容不得半，点疏漏。交流障碍很可能成为未来公司致命的问题。

　　7.学习能力——将在上述各种能力中占据最重要的地位，因为它使人能够提高工作效率，帮助自己的公司达到预期目的。这种能力一部分来自个人夭赋，当然也有不少人通过接受高等教育提高自己的气习能力和各种知识的融会贯通能力。我们认为，大学文科教育积累的经验将证明是对明天的领导者们最有价值的教育形式。

　　21世纪最出色的公司雇员将富有灵活性和创造性，并有志于做出不同凡响的创举。他们将在事业和家庭两方面寻求平衡、发展与完善。未来的公司必须对雇员必备技能加以考核，否则，公司的发展就会因工作中缺乏合格人才而受限制。

　　重点单词：

　　Visionary 想像的

　　Ability to organize 组织能力

　　Persuasive skills 说服能力

　　close reading 看得仔细

　　plain speaking 说得清楚

　　invaluable 无可估量的

　　flexible 灵活性

　　creative 创造性

　　hampered 限制

　　qualified 合格的

　　生物与环境平衡的危机

　　The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.

　　During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation, as a scientist has said.

　　It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.

　　The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.

　　To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man's life but the life of generations. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature. Since the mid 1940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as pests.

　　译文：

　　地球上生命的历史一直就是一部生物与其环境相互作用的历史。在很大程度上，地球上动植物的形态以及习性都是由外部环境所塑造的。考虑到地球上生命存在的整个时间，相反作用，即生命对其周围环境的实际改变作用，却相对很小。只有在当前这个世纪(指20世纪)才有一个物种——人类，获得了强大的力量，改变了其所生存的世界的自然状态。

　　在过去的1/4世纪中，这种力量不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化。在人类破坏环境的种种行为中，最令人担忧的是人类向大气、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危险甚至致命物质，而当今这种污染在很大程度上是无法挽救的。在当今这种对环境的普遍污染中，化学制品与辐射狼狈为奸，改变着地球的自然状态，也就是改变着地球上生命的自然状态。喷洒到农田、森林或者花园里的化学物质长期滞留于土壤中，渗入有机体内，并彼此相传，形成了一个中毒与死亡的链条。化学物质还神秘地通过地下水传递，最终以新的形式出现并结合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，并使饮用一度纯净的井水的人遭受了不明之害。正如一位科学家所言：“人类甚至对自己创造的恶魔都不认识。”

　　地球历经了许多亿年才创造了栖息其上的生命。经过了一定时间——不是以若干年计而是以若干千年计的时间——生命开始适应环境，并形成了一种与环境的平衡。但是在现代世界中，时间这一因素已经没有了。

　　环境改变的速度不再顺从大自然从容不迫的节奏，而是顺从人类急切匆匆的步伐。辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物。化学制品则是人类有发明创造力的头脑创造出来的合成物，在自然界本无相应的东西。

　　为了适应这些化学制品，人类需要付出的时间不会只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间。而即使这样，就算出现奇迹成为可能，这种适应也是徒劳的，因为新的化学制品从我们的实验室中源源不断地涌出。仅在美国，每年就有大约500种化学制品投入使用，其中许多是用于人类对自然的战争中。从20世纪40年代中期起，人类已经创造了200多种基本化学制品用来消灭昆虫、野草以及其他所谓的“有害生物”。

　　重点词汇：

　　1、character(人的)品质，性格；(事物的)性质、特性；

　　例句：He has a changeable character.

　　他性格多变。

　　2、assault攻击，袭击

　　例句：They made a strong assault on the town.

　　他们猛烈攻击这个镇子。

　　3、spray浪花，水花，喷液

　　例句：Did you bring along some insect spray？

　　你带来杀虫剂了吗？

　　4、impetuous性急的，鲁莽的，

　　例句：It was impetuous of her to do that.

　　她竟做那种事，真是鲁莽。

　　5、deliberate不慌不忙的，从容的

　　例句：He is delibertate in his speech.

　　他说话从容不迫。

　　4、5两词的词义可从上下文中体会出来

　　The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.

　　可见由than相连，必然是两个反义词。

　　6、futile无益的，无效的，无希望的

　　例句：His efforts to save the business were futile.

　　他挽救公司的努力未能奏效。

　　The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term computer virus is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P-1written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program.

　　Once attached to the host Program, the viruses then look for other programs to infect.In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called benign viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM's main computer system last Christmas with a season's greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete flies, or to format the hard disk.

　　What Kind of Viruses Are There? There are two main types of viruses: shell, intrusive. Shell viruses wrap themselves around a host program and don't modify the original program. Shell programs are easy to write, which is why about half of viruses are of this type. Intrusive viruses invade an existing program and actually insert a portion of themselves into the host program. Intrusive viruses are hard to write and very difficult to remove without damaging the host file.

　　参考译文：

　　计算机病毒是八十年代计算机飞速发展带来的结果，计算机病毒这一名词起因于在计算机上传染的有害程序与生物学中病毒的相似性，该名词起源于1977年出版的、由ThomasJ.Ryan写的一本美国科幻小说《p-1的青春》。人体病毒入侵活的细胞后，就把它转变成制造病毒的工厂。而计算机病毒是一些小程序，它们把自己的一个副本附加到另一个程序上面进行复制。

　　病毒程序一旦附加到一个主程序上，就开始寻找其他可以进行“感染”的程序。这样，病毒就很快地布满整个硬盘，如果病毒感染了一个局域网或者一个多用户系统，那么就在整个组织内进行扩散。只有在某个点上病毒程序才会发作(这是由病毒程序的设计所决定的)。攻击的时间与多种情况有关，包括：某个时间或日期、特定用户识别符的出现、用户的安全保密等级和一个文件使用的次数。同样，攻击的方式也是各种各样的。所谓的“良性”病毒可能只是简单地显示一个消息，如在去年圣诞节时，受感染的IBM公司的主要计算机系统显示节日问候。恶性病毒被设计出来破坏系统。常见的攻击方式是消除数据、删除文件或者格式化硬盘。

　　病毒的种类有哪些？主要有两种病毒：shell病毒和instrusive病毒。Shell病毒把自己盘绕在主程序周围，它并不修改原程序。这种病毒容易复制因此它的数量占了所有病毒的一半。Instrusive病毒入侵现有程序并且把自己的一部分插入主程序。这种病毒不易复制，但是很难在不损伤主程序的情况下被删除。

　　重点单词：

　　1、virus 病毒

　　2、outcome 结果

　　例句: I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.

　　我认为这件事只能有一种结局。

　　3、program [电脑]程序

　　4、replicate 复制，折叠，复制品

　　5、host [电脑]主机

　　6、at some point 某时, 某种情况下

　　7、so-called 所谓的

　　8、malignant 邪恶的，极有害的

　　9、data 数据

　　10、wipe out 消灭；彻底摧毁

　　例句: They have wipe out the enemy's major military target.

　　他们已经彻底摧毁了敌人的主要军事目标。

　　句型分析:

　　1、The cause(of the term computer virus)is the likeness(between the biological virus and the evil program [infected with computers].)

　　2、The timing(of the attack)can be linked to a number(of situations), including [1]a certain time or date, [2]the presence of a particular file, [3]the security privilege level of the user, [4]and the number of times a file is used.

　　[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]是在including下的并列短句。

　　使用不健康网络可能有损心理健康

　　Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being,according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.

　　Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn't that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.

　　Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.

　　The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.

　　But it's important to remember this is not about the technology; it's about how it is used, says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study's sponsors. It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.

　　参考译文：

　　根据卡内基麦伦大学的研究，使用因特网可能会导致心理健康程度下降。

　　两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说已经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间，而是说使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。

　　研究人员对这些结果困惑不解，因为这与他们的预料截然相反。他们预测，和看电视相比，从社交角度来说，上网可能更健康一些因为网络允许使用者选择自己需要的信息并且和别人进行交流。

　　研究者推测说，实际情况是上网使网民减少了和家人及朋友共度的时光，这也许可以解释他们心理健康状况下降的原因。和面对面的交谈相比，这种见不着面、看不见人的“虚”的交流可能会使人从心理上缺乏满足感。人们通过这种交流结下的友谊也不会太深。还有一种可能是，网民通过因特网所了解到的广阔世界使他们对自己的生活不那么满意了。

　　“然而，重要的是不要忘记这与技术本身是无关的，问题在于如何使用因特网。”这项研究的发起人之一、心理学家、英特尔公司的克里斯廷·赖利说，“这的确表明在考虑从技术上如何设计应用和服务时有必要把社会因素考虑进去。

　　重点单词：

　　1、available 可利用的，可支配的；

　　例句：The swimming pool is available only in summer.

　　这个游泳池只在夏天开放。

　　2、contrary to 与……相反

　　例句：What you are doing now is contrary to the docotor's advice.

　　3、hypothesize 假设，假定；

　　4、virtua [电脑]虚拟的，虚的；对于这个词可以结合上下文理解，

　　Faceless, bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower.

　　文中virtual communication对应着后面的actual conversation，又有than，可以想到这是两个对应的反义词。

　　5、actual 现实的；

　　6、exposure to 暴露，(文中引申为了解)

　　例句：The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.油漆因受雨淋而剥落。

　　7、sponsor 发起者，主办者，赞助者；

　　Is GE food Safe To Eat

　　Traditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally. For example, disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these properties. This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.

　　Genetic engineering(GE)involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other.GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species, e.g.putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes. It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene, even when it is in maize DNA, will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin, but what other effects may it have in this alien environment?We are already seeing this problem——adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow——but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed, which was entirely unpredictable.

　　It will be obvious, for example, that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA——but what side-effect would it have? In other words, is GE food safe to eat? The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out.

　　Companies wanting a GE product approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests.Monsanto''s soya beans were apparently fed to fish for 10 weeks before being approved. There was no requirement for independent testing, for long-term testing,for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.

　　The current position of the UK Government is thatThere is no evidence of long-term dangers from GE foods. In the US, the American Food and Drug Administration is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GE foods.

　　翻译：

　　转基因食物是否安全

　　传统的植物培育方法，是依照植物自然杂交的方式，进行相同物种的人工杂交。比如，抗病小麦同高产小麦杂交，形成了一种具有双重特性的新的小麦品种。这种自然的基因交换既安全，又具有相当的可预见性。

　　基因工程是在彼此毫无关系的物种之间，相互交换在自然条件下无法交换的基因。它可在有巨大差异的物种之间进行基因交换。比如，将蝎子毒素基因注入玉米，或者将鱼防冻基因注入西红柿。即使在玉米DNA中，蝎子毒素基因依然可能获得有机组织产生蝎子毒素。但是在这种异质的环境中，这种基因产品会有什么其他作用吗？我们实际上已经发现这个问题：将人类生长荷尔蒙基因植入猪的体内，一定会使猪的生长加速，但是同时也使猪患上了关节炎和内斜视，而这一切是完全无法预测的。

　　打个比方，人类的智力基因显而易见在人体DNA内和注入卷心菜DNA后的作用是不同的。但将它植入卷心菜中会产生什么样的副作用呢？换句话说，食用转基因食品安全吗？没有人知道答案，因为人们尚未进行长期的测试。

　　在英国或者美国，一个公司如果希望其转基因产品获得批准，它必须向管理机构提供本公司转基因产品安全测试的结果。Monsanto的大豆在获得批准之前，曾用了10周时间进行喂鱼试验。目前，尚无要求对转基因产品进行独立测试、长期测试、人体测试，或者就其对儿童及过敏者所造成的特定危险进行测试。

　　英国政府目前的态度是：“尚无证据表明食用转基因食品存在长期性的危险。”在美国，人们正在起诉美国食品药品管理局掩盖转基因食品安全性的研究结果，这些研究结果表明，食用转基因食品可能导致危险。

　　重点单词：

　　1、breeding 生育，繁殖，培植

　　2、resistant 抵抗的、防……的

　　3、yield 出产，结出，被迫放弃

　　例句：These apple trees yield plenty of fruit this year.

　　这些苹果树今年结了许多苹果。

　　例句：He was forced to yield the castle.

　　他被迫放弃城堡。

　　4、property 特性，属性

　　例句：He is studying the medicinal properties of wild plants.

　　他正在研究野生植物的药物特性。

　　5、scorpion 蝎子

　　6、toxin 毒素

　　7、alien 外国的，性质不相容的；

　　例句：Her behavior is alien to our ethical values.

　　她的行为和我们的伦理标准格格不入。

　　8、side-effect 副作用

　　机器人自我复制不再是梦

　　Scientists at the Cornell University in Ithaca, New York have created small robots that can build copies of themselves. Self-replicating robots are no longer the stuff of science fiction.

　　Each robot consists of several 10 cm cubes which have identical machinery, electromagnets to attach and detach to each other and a computer program for replication. The robots can bend and pick up and stack the cubes.

　　Although the machines we have created are still simple compared with biological self-reproduction, they demonstrate that mechanical self-reproduction is possible and not unique to biology, Hod Lipson said in a report in the science journal Nature on Wednesday.

　　He and his team believe the design principle could be used to make long term, self-repairing robots that could mend themselves and be used in hazardous Scientists at the Cornell University in Ithaca, New York have created small robots that can build copies of themselves. Self-replicating robots are no longer the stuff of science fiction.

　　The experimental robots, which don't do anything else except make copies of themselves, are powered through contacts on the surface of the table and transfer data through their faces. They self-replicate by using additional modules placed in special feeding locations.

　　The machines duplicate themselves by bending over and putting their top cube on the table. Then they bend again, pick up another cube, put it on top of the first and repeat the entire process. As the new robot begins to take shape it helps to build itself.

　　The four-module robot was able to construct a replica in 2.5 minutes by lifting and assembling cubes from the feeding locations, said Lipson.

　　翻译：

　　据路透社报道，位于纽约伊萨卡的康奈尔大学的科学家研制出能够自我复制的小型机器人。自此，可自我复制的机器人不再是科幻小说中才会有的情节素材。

　　每个机器人都由多个10cm大小的立方体组成。这些立方体具有同一的部件、互相连接或分离的电磁石和计算机复制程序。这些机器人可以对立方体进行变形、选择、叠加等操作。

　　“与生物学上的自我复制相比，我们所研制的机器尚非常简单。但这证明了自我复制并不是生物学上的特有性能，机械的自我复制也是可能的。”本周三Hod Lipson在科学期刊《自然》上的一篇报告中说到。

　　他和他的研究小组相信，该设计原理可用于制造长期的可自我修复的机器人。这种机器人可以进行自我调整，可应用于危险环境下和太空飞行中。

　　这种实验性机器人通过与工作台表面的接触而获得能量，通过面部来传递数据。它们只进行自我复制，不进行任何其他操作。这种自我复制是由置于专门的“供给区”的附加模组实现的。一个四模组机器人在2.5分钟内即可完成对从“供给区”选取出的立方体的重新组合，实现一次复制。

　　单词解析：

　　1、stuff 材料、原料

　　2、identical 同一的，完全相同的；

　　例句：She wore the identical dress on both occasions.

　　她在两个场合穿同一套衣服。

　　3、replicate 折叠、复制

　　4、unique 唯一的，独一无二

　　例句：The custom is unique to the region.

　　这种风俗是这一地区特有的。

　　5、hazardous 有危险的，冒险的

　　例句：That was a hazardous journey.

　　那是个危险的旅程。

　　6、duplicate (1)adj.完全一样的，复制的；(2)v.复制，重复；

　　例句：He opened the door with a duplicate key.

　　他用一把复制的钥匙开门。

　　All the members received duplicated notices of the meeting.

　　所有会员都接到了同样的会议通知。

　　句型分析：

　　The experimental robots, (which don''t do anything else except make copies of themselves,) are powered (through contacts on the surface of the table) and (transfer data through their faces.)

　　用人脑控制电脑

　　Four people were able to control a computer using their thoughts and an electrode-studded thinking cap, U.S. researchers reported on Monday.

　　They said their set-up could someday be adapted to help disabled people operate a motorized wheelchair or artificial limb.

　　While experiments have allowed a monkey to control a computer with its thoughts, electrodes were implanted into the animal''s brain. This experiment, reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, required no surgery and no implants.

　　The results show that people can learn to use scalp-recorded electroencephalogram rhythms to control rapid and accurate movement of a cursor in two dimensions, Jonathan Wolpaw and Dennis McFarland of the New York State Department of Health and State University of New York in Albany wrote.

　　They tested their device on four people——two partly paralyzed men who used wheelchairs and a healthy man and woman.

　　The key was a special computer algorithm——a program that translated the brain signals into a meaningful directive of what the users wanted the computer to do.

　　The impressive noninvasive multidimensional control achieved in the present study suggests that a noninvasive brain control interface could support clinically useful operation of a robotic arm, a motorized wheelchair, the researchers wrote.

　　The two disabled men were better at the task, the researchers found. This could have to do with stronger motivation or perhaps a brain forced to be more adaptable to cope with the injuries that left the men disabled, the researchers said.

　　一、全文翻译

　　美国日前公布了的一项试验研究成果：4个试验者戴上布满电极的“思考帽子”后，可以运用他们的思想来直接控制电脑。

　　据路透社12月6日报道，当日参与这项试验的研究人员对外发布了这项试验结果。他们说，试验中的这种装置日后将会投入应用，以帮助残疾人驾驶机动轮椅和操纵假肢。

　　在此之前，早已有研究人员做过试验：通过在猴脑里植入的电极而让猴子操纵电脑。但是，现在进行的这项试验却不需要任何手术，也不需要在大脑里植入任何东西。这项研究成果发表在最新一期的《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

　　报道说，研究人员对两位使用轮椅的局部残疾人和两位健康人进行了试验，这4个人都是志愿参与试验的。研究人员让这4个人头戴含64个电极的帽子坐在一个电视屏幕前，电极帽子将记录下他们大脑的活动。

　　参与这项研究的纽约州立大学的丹尼斯·麦克法兰和纽约州政府卫生部的乔纳森·沃尔波在研究报告中说：“试验结果表明，人们能通过头皮记录的脑电图来同时控制电脑光标的速度和光标的准确移动。”他们解释说，这个试验的关键在于一个特殊的电脑运算法则，也就是一个电脑程序。这个程序能将人大脑发出的信号翻译成有实际意义的指令，这个指令会要求电脑去完成人们所希望它做的事情。

　　目前的这种令人印象深刻的非侵入的多维控制研究显示，非侵入大脑控制接口可以支持机器人的手术操作、操控机械车轮。

　　研究人员发现，两位残疾人对试验的反应要好于两位健康人，这可能是由于残疾人有更强烈的完成试验的愿望，或者由于他们的大脑已经习惯于去应付自身的残疾，因而更为敏感。

　　二、单词

　　1、operate　做出、操作

　　Who operates that machine？

　　那台机器由谁操作？

　　The machine is not operating properly.

　　机器运转得不正常。

　　2、artificial　人工的、人造的、假的；矫揉造作的；

　　The room was decorated with artificial flowers.

　　屋子里有假花装饰。

　　Her artificial manner made me sick.

　　她那装腔作势的样子令我恶心。

　　3、accurate　准确的；

　　His information was accurate.

　　他的情报准确。

　　4、cursor　屏幕上的光标；

　　5、dimension　尺寸；面积、大小；[数学]维；

　　What are the dimensions of the box？

　　这个盒子的尺寸多大？

　　Time is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

　　时间有时被称为第四维。

　　6、paralyze(v.)　使瘫痪；使麻痹；

　　A general strike paralyzed the coal industry.

　　总罢工使煤矿工业陷于瘫痪。

　　7、algorithm　算法，规则系统；

　　8、interface　界面、[电脑]接口；

　　三、句型分析

　　This could have to do with(stronger motivation or perhaps a brain [forced to be more adaptable to cope with the injuries that left the men disabled])the researchers said.