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新东方学校考研英语完形名师 严拥庆
考研完形，大家都非常熟悉的题型，但在这一部分，真正得高分同学非常少，因为它非常难。难就难在我们大家必须要掌握雄厚的语言基础实力和理解上下文语句的逻辑推理和分析能力。要想在你原有的基础上再拔高几分，就必须注意以下四点：
一、以提高实力为核心
从完形填空所涉及的范围来看，它是考查考生对英语基础知识，主要是语法和词汇的运用能力，可以归纳为以下三大考点：
1. 语法(占20% - 30%左右)
2. 固定习语(占10%左右)
3. 词汇的辨析和使用(占60% -70%左右)
由此可见，只要你词汇和词组过关，不可能不会得高分的。实力提上去了，不仅可以提高完形的得分率，更重要的是对阅读、翻译也有极大的提高。所以大家要对我们的单词或词组要非常熟悉，建议大家把词汇和词组在考前几天反复快速翻看3-5遍，这样对所有的词汇你才有个非常深的印象，当然，你也可以用一些简单的方法去记，比如，大家可以把长的像的单词放到一起去记忆：affect 和 effect 、 effective 和 efficient 、range 和 rank 、discreet 和discrete 、 sheer 和 shear 、 late, lately, latest, later 和 latter 、live, alive, lively 和living、intense 和 intensive等等。
还有一项实力的体现，那就是完形文章中常见的逻辑关系词的掌握。把握和理解完形文章中上下句的逻辑关系是完形文章阅读所要求的一个重要能力，因此，我们根据历年的完形真题总结完型文章中上下句之间比较常见的几种逻辑关系，这些逻辑关系和关系引导词也要大家好好记住：
1.因果关系
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, consequently, accordingly
2. 转折关系
but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately
3. 让步关系
although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
4.并列关系
and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say
5. 递进关系
then, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more
除了以上常见的5种逻辑关系之外，比较常见的还有时间关系和条件关系。
二、“大胸怀，大结构” 直击真题
从完型填空的命题形式来看，需要考生完成的20个填空不是孤立存在的，而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。从这个角度，完型文章实际上是由两部分信息构成：一是已知信息，二是未知信息。做完形就是一个从已知信息中找出未知信息的过程。解出一个具体完形填空的关键是要找出与这个填空相关联的所有已知信息(线索)。我们很多同学就会盯着这个空前后去找已知信息，目光短浅，所以有几道题目总是很难做对，因为仅在空前后是很难找到我们做题所需要的已知信息。这些已知信息不仅可以分布在空前后，而且可以分布在各段落中，也可以分布在整篇文章中。
(1)分布在空前后的句子中；
例：2000年考研的44题:" as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements ."
(A) replace (B) purchase (C) supplement (D) dispose
选择A，根据sell 和old这两个信息词就可以选择出。
(2)分布在本段落之中；
例：2002年考研的21题: Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened________. As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.
［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later
选择A, 根据本段的几个时间关系词，就可以非常容易地判断出选什么词。
(3)已知信息分布在整个全文中。
所以，我们大家做完形填空题的大忌是 "只见树木，不见森林"，而是要"前后比较，瞻前顾后"地去看，要用“大胸怀，大结构”去做题。
三、把握完形文章两大特点
考研英语的完型文章是典型的可以从整体上把握的文章，所以从历年的真题来看，考研英语的完型文章有着以下两个明显的特点：
1. 完型文章一般都有鲜明的主题。
2. 完型文章往往采用总分对照结构。
总分对照结构不仅可以在整篇文章中运用，也可以在各分段落或者句子中适用。
例：1999年考研英语:
"Successful safety programs may(45 differ)greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by (46 observing)rules or regulations. (47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained."
这个段落就是标准的总分对照结构：第一句话与后面的句子的结构形成总分对照结构。
四、八大完形解题技巧
1、排除法。把一些无关词排除。
例：2001年考研第35题"bill that will propose making payments to witnesses(34 illegal)and will strictly control the amount of35that can be given to a case"
［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity
本题选A， 根据重点词control, 国家要严格控制什么啊，就可以排除BCD。
2、总分对照结构法。
例：1995年考研的43题"Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. (41 Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43______."
(A) subtle (B)obvious (C)mysterious (D)doubtful
本题选C， 根据划线部分的句子就可得知答案。
3、平行对等结构法。
例：1999年完型42题"Companies (41with) low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active."
［A］alive ［B］vivid ［C］mobile ［D］diverse
本题选A，根据划线部分中的and和active就能选出正确答案。
例：1996年完型第45题"Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements- usually carbon, hydrogen , oxygen , and 45________ nitrogen."
(A) mostly (B) partially (C) sometimes (D) rarely
选择C，注意and前后要保持一致。与usually 保持一致。
4. 时间定位法。
例如：1998年完型46题"But they insisted that its(指工业革命) 43______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46_____ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity."
43. A) momentary B) prompt C) instant D)immediate
答案选D，大家把几个时间划出来就能选出答案了。
例：2002年完型30题"It is generally recognized, ( 29 however ) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30_____ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process"
［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized
本题选B，把年份划出来就可以明显的知道了。
5. 选与作者主题态度相关的词。
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
第一话大家要看懂，为了帮助the homeless, 所以选项必须全部支持这个主题，选于主题态度相关的词。
6. 词汇重现原则。如果选项中的选项能够在原文中找出，那此选项为优先选项，放到空处前后理解一下。
7、处理选项。如果后面选项中的2个或3个选项长的像或是反义词，或是近义词，那么在这两个选项中很可能有一个是正确的，其它两个可以先排除。
8、完形下下策。下下策指的是这道题目真的是看不懂，做不出，你可以凭感觉就优选一个答案。常考五星级词可能经常选为答案，比如extent available means however but 经常选为答案。
我们同学要以提高基础实力为核心，注重把握一些考试技巧，把上面的技巧好好的理解掌握一下，可以根据以上技巧来做下面一道模拟试题，有关奥运会的文章。
Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes 21 _____different nations compete against each other in a 22____ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.
In order to 23____ the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). After all proposals have been 24_____ , the IOC votes. If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues, with 25_____ rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, 26____ the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the 27_____ of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to 28_____ the Games effectively.
The IOC also 29______ which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. 30______, Tokyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, Mexico, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen 31_____ to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America.
32______ the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into 33_____ the host city’s time zone. 34_______ the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay 35_______ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events 36_______, in prime viewing hours.
37_______ the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television 38________ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many 39_____ there is also direct government support.
Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially 40_____. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
21. A. in B. for C. of D. from
22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series
23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize
24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated
25. A. Suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding
26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing
27. A. site B. stage C. start D. sponsor
28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor
29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. sponsor
30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole
31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common
32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of
33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim
34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever
35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly
36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively
37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once
38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns
39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances
40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasible
答案：21—25 DCABC 26—30 DABCA 31—35 BDBCD 36—40 ADCAB
最后，祝我们的同学最后都能抓住有限的时间去突破难点，提高分数。也希望我们的同学人生当中一定也要坚持做到两个字，那就是“坚持”这两个字，坚持考完！坚持就胜利！坚持就是成功！
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