新东方学校考研英语写作名师 张一楠
考研作文在考研英语考试中占据了30分的比例,是不容忽视的重要部分。根据《考研大纲》对作文这一部分的要求,对于“语言”的要求放在了第一位,即:语言第一,内容第二,思想第三。各位考研勇士要想在这一部分胜出,就必须在语言的“精美度”上下功夫,用高质量的语言吸引阅卷人的眼球,获得高分。笔者建议大家时刻培养“亮点设置”意识,在考研作文中设置“语言亮点”,从而为斩获高分打下坚实的基础。本文将为广大考研勇士介绍考研写作的三大高分句式——短句拉长,插入语和并列修辞。
高分句式一 —— 短句拉长
在考研英语作文中,任何短句都可以拉长为长句,而且,从理论上讲,一个句子的长度可以是无限的,但是出于实际情况,大家要学会写有限度的长句。
虽然《考试大纲》没有明确规定考研作文中长句的长度和数量,但是基于考研作文实战的需要,考生需要有一种“长句设置”意识,即通过在文中设置若干个长句,向阅卷者展示考生对于复杂语言的掌握能力,从而征服阅卷者的心,获得满意的分数。
短句拉长的写作要领:
名词:+形容词,+同位语,+定语从句
动词:+状语(时间、地点、目的、方式)
例句实战:
例1、Officials have built highways.(4个单词)
In recent years, the responsible, hard-working and warm-hearted officials have built a great number of highways which have brought much convenience to the local citizens. (拉长后25单词)
例1中短句拉长的步骤:
1)在句首,加上时间状语in recent yeas
2)在名词officials前面加上responsible, hard-working, warm-hearted 三个形容词修饰它
3)在名词highways 后面加上定语从句which have brought much convenience to the local citizens.
例2、Factories have discharged gas and liquid.(6个单词)
In the developed areas, the newly-built chemical factories have discharged harmful and even poisonous gas and liquid which had a seriously negatively impact on the surrounding environment.(拉长后31个单词)
例2中短句拉长的步骤:
1) 在句首,加上地点状语in the developed areas
2) 在名词factories前面加上两个修饰形容词newly-built和chemical
3) 在名词gas and liquid 后面上加上一个定语从句which had a seriously negatively impact on the surrounding environment.
高分句式二——插入语
增加句式复杂性的另外一种方法就是使用插入语。中国学生写的英语句子喜欢一通到底,没有任何语气的间歇,像一根笔直的竹竿,因此笔者称之为“竹竿句”。而英美人士写的句子则不同,他们偏爱插入语,通过插入语表现出作者语气的间歇和停顿。有了插入语,读者眼中的句子有一种跌宕起伏的感觉,这种句子像海浪一起忽起忽落,笔者称这种句子为“海浪句”。试比较:
Ancient men made tools of stone. For instance, they always used flint because it is easier to shape than other kinds. (不使用插入语)
Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because it is easier to shape than other kinds. (使用插入语)
我们用图形表示这两个句子,如下:
第一句: 竹竿句
however especial
第二句: 海浪句
由此我们看出:地道的英语句子要写得跌宕起伏。
考研的同学要在语言上下功夫,就必须学会写作“海浪句”,从而使得自己的作文“波涛汹涌,错落有致”。
插入语的写作要领:
1)插入语可以是一个词,一个短语,或者一个句子。
2)插入语两边分别用逗号,跟其他成分隔开。
3)插入语最好放在主语之后,便于掌握。
例1:副词插入——frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however
“坦率地说,旅游可以促进国家之间的相互了解。”
Tourism, frankly, may promote the mutual understanding among nations.
例2:短语插入语 ——generally speaking(总的来说), to tell the truth(老实说), in a sense(在某种意义上讲),in a word (总而言之), strange to say(说来奇怪)
“总而言之,家长不该无视电脑游戏对小孩的副作用。”
Parents, in a word, should never lose sight of the side-effects of computer games on their children.
例3:短句插入语——I suppose, as I see it, I believe, what is important(重要的是).
“重要的是,环境对人的性格有深远影响。”
Personality, what is important, has a far-reaching influence on one’s personality.
高分句式三——并列修辞
请大家欣赏历史上最精彩的三个并列修辞句式:
凯撒:I came, I saw, I conquered.
(我来了,我看到了,我征服了。)
培根:Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
(学习可以怡情,可以博采,可以长才)
林肯的政治抱负:a government of the people, by the people and for the people.
(民有,民治,民享的政府)
历史上,名人使用并列修辞写出了千古名句,流芳百世;今天,我们也可以使用并列修辞写出精彩句式,创造作文高分奇迹。
并列修辞的写作要领:
用and或者or 连接两个词性相同,意思相近的单词,就构成了并列修辞。
比如:give support and assistance to…
…benefit from the education and instruction.
…develop and promote the economic growth.
并列修辞实战举例:
1)The American girl,dressed in traditional Chinese costume and ornaments,indicates and symbolizes the multinational communication of cultures and customs.(选自2002年考研作文真题,一句话包含三处并列修辞)
2)It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Let’s take a closer look at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the green house, it perishes under the rain and storm. It is obvious that the flower in greenhouse can’t withstand wind and rains.(选自2003年考研作文真题,一个段落包含四处并列修辞)
“亮点句式”是考研阅卷人定档次,给分数的主要凭据,所以同学们应该有意识的多训练自己“亮点句式”的写作。如果能将本文介绍的“三大亮点句式”天衣无缝地设置在考研作文当中,整篇作文就会看起来“星光闪闪”“炫人眼目”,那么,获得高分也就是水到渠成事情了。预祝天下的考研勇士金榜题名!
|