因果关系题

　　命题组的专家习惯于通过命题来考查语篇中两个事件的内在因果关系，严格的说，这种题型可归于前面讲到的推理判断题类，但由于其特殊性及难度较大，这里单独提出来讲解。

　　因果关系题一般分为显性原因考点和隐性原因考点(句子之间有因果关系，但无有关提示词)。但不管是显性因果关系还是隐性因果关系，语篇中出现的格式常是先说原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常是由果推因。

　　原因细节题

　　1. Why can many people see "silver linings" to the economic slowdown? (2004)

　　2. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because  (2005)

　　3. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because  (2005)

　　4. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because  (2006)

　　分析共性

　　1。问题中经常出现“according to the passage／text”这个短语。

　　2。问题中出现某些具体时间、现象或结果，这些信息可以在原文定位。

　　3。问题中频繁出现以下词汇；arise from；due to；because；in that；why；be caused by；as a result of；the reason for；be responsible for；be attributed to；be deduced from等。这些词具有共同的含义，就是“因为”。

　　原因细节题往往要求考生根据题干所提示的信息在原文中找到某一事件、现象或结果，然后找出文章中对产生这一事件、现象或结果的解释。

　　原因细节题常见的出题位置

　　1。原文中出现表示原因的提示词处：如because，be based on，since，for等。

　　2。原文中出现表示结果的提示词处：如thus，therefore，so，as a result，lead lo，contribute to，make，30that，such that等。 

　　3。原文中出现起承转合的词汇处：如but，however等。

　　4。原文中出现代词指代处：如it，they等。

　　5。文章的开头段、结尾段处。

　　6。文章段落的开头句、结尾句处。

　　原因题实例

　　例一

　　原文 The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, tike their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study。

　　题干 Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

　　A. more inclined to weigh what they get。

　　B. attentive to researchers' instructions。

　　C. nice in both appearance and temperament。

　　D. more generous than their male companions.   (2005--23)

　　解答  题干中female capuchin monkeys对应原文female capuchin monkeys，题干中的research对应原文中的study。最后——句说：“这些特点使他们成为两位博士最好的候选实验动物”，证明上面的特征就是要选择的内容。诸多特征并列，最后用above all强调出最重要的特征，即“她们和女人一样，比男性更重视‘商品和服务’  的价值”。A选项中的weigh与value构成同义转化；what they get与goods and services是同义转化，因此A为正确答案。

　　例二

　　题干 According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because

　　[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending。

　　[B] the company is financially ill-managed。

　　[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable。

　　[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise. (2006--29)

　　[考查技能：对相关段落进行因果语义关系的归纳和判断。] [命题原则：以点考面，因为根据名词townsfolk这个点，我们需要归纳因果逻辑语义关系这个考区。]

　　原文导读Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better。) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low。

　　答案分析 原文倒数第二自然段说得很清楚The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better. 这说明对于镇上的人来说，他们实际上不知道票价低的，所以［A］不选。他们看到的只是表面现象［D］。［正确答案］[D]

　　例三

　　题干  In the first paragraph, individual borrowing is cited because

　　[A] it shares similarities with the government's Social Security policies

　　[B] there is no guarantee that it will be profitable in the stock market

　　[C] it is not proper for the brokerage houses to persuade people to borrow money

　　[D] it is an indication of the Bush administration's serious concern over the stock market

　　原文导读The National Association of Securities Dealers is investigating whether some brokerage houses are inappropriately pushing individuals to borrow large sums on their houses to invest in the stock market. Can we persuade the association to investigate would-be privatizers of Social Security? For it is now apparent that the Bush administration's privatization proposal will amount to the same thing, borrow trillions, put the money in the stock market and hope。

　　[答案分析]以一个事例开篇是文章常用的写作手法，这个事例往往是一个引子。常见的情况有两种：一是事例作为夹叙夹议的叙述部分，后面的议论围绕它展开；另外一种情况是一个事例引出另外一个事例。本文就属于第二种情况，因为全文论述的重点是布什政府有关社会福利的一些宏观经济的调控举措，而非个人贷款问题。两个事情为什么相提并论？第一段末句给出了原因：因为现在很明显，布什政府的私有化措施将产生同样的效果：大量借款、投资股市并期望从中获利。由此可以得出文章开始使用个人房贷作为引子是因为两件事情有相似性，[A]项正确。

　　例四

　　题干Laura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because__________。

　　[A] her son confessed to being wrong           

　　[B] she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent

　　[C] he was likely to be affected by these diseases

　　[D] she wanted to teach her own son a lesson

　　原文导读 Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listen without getting defensive. That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food. Her son had confessed, but the victim's mom "wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease," says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative。

　　[答案分析] 该段举例说明应如何正确对待一位愤怒的家长的电话。该段倒数第三句提到，麦休许诺让受欺负的孩子做疾病测试，不仅让其母亲平静下来，也让自己的儿子知道父母是非常严肃地对待他的恶劣行为。由此可知[D]项正确。